Eastern European leaders address falling birth rate crisis

At a January 14 conference in Lithuania’s Parliament, regional experts, church leaders, and policymakers discussed what has been called a demographic crisis — falling birth rates that erode the future stability of European countries. The discussion came just days after Pope Leo XIV offered his own dismal warning on the issue.

Key Takeaways:

• On January 14, experts and policymakers from across Central and Eastern Europe met to discuss the declining birth rate and its impact.

• The conference followed January 9 comments from Pope Leo XIV on the challenges facing the family today.

• Hungary's approach to bolstering birth rates was seen as a case study in how the falling birth rate should be addressed.

• A resolution created during the conference urges governments to prioritize family policy across taxation, housing, education, healthcare, employment, and regional development.

• The goal of the resolution is to enable young couples to raise children in stable, secure environments.

The Details:

On January 9, Pope Leo XIV addressed the Diplomatic Corps, stressing that the family, despite its fundamental role in society, now experiences two major challenges. He cautioned against the rising global tendency to dismiss the family’s vital social importance, leading to its eventual shunning as an institution.

“On the one hand, there is a worrying tendency in the international system to neglect and underestimate its fundamental social role, leading to its progressive institutional marginalization,” said Pope Leo.

“On the other hand, we cannot ignore the growing and painful reality of fragile, broken and suffering families, afflicted by internal difficulties and disturbing phenomena, including domestic violence,” he added.

Days later, at the Lithuanian conference, participants explored the far-reaching influences of plummeting birth rates on Europe’s future — from workforce crunches and economic pressures to issues about national strength. Speakers warned that the problem of declining birth rates extends far beyond economics or governance, rather describing it as a cultural and civilizational crossroads for the continent, EWTN News reported.

For instance, Bishop Saulius Bužauskas of Kaunas told conference attendees that Europe’s falling birth rates mirrored not only social or economic issues but also deeper moral and spiritual concerns linked to the disintegration of marriage, family life, and human dignity. Additionally, the prelate called for robust and stable families to be reinforced as a linchpin of societal well-being, Gaudium Press stated. 

“It is important for young people to see that family is not a risk but an opportunity, that children are not a burden but the greatest gift, that having a family is not an exception but a natural and meaningful path in life,” Bishop Bužauskas remarked.

READ: Death rate in U.S. expected to surpass birth rate by 2030

Árpád József Mészáros, strategic vice president of the Mária Kopp Institute for Demography and Families, shared Hungary’s approach to bolstering fertility as a case study for other nations. Hungary's plan has been implemented as a generational social initiative instead of a short-term demographic palliative. He pointed out that the government began stepping up on family-support programs in 2011, when the country’s fertility rate averaged 1.23 children per woman — among the lowest in Europe and far beneath the replacement rate of 2.1. By 2023, the Central European country’s birth rate had risen to roughly 1.51, he said, though population pressures remained significant. 

Mészáros mentioned wider social initiatives — from increased childcare networks and subsidized school meals to workplace and local government programs aimed at blending parenthood with professional life. Apart from these initiatives,  Mészáros elucidated the trend of increased homeownership and enhanced living standards among families, stating that the policy’s most powerful outcomes may have extensive ramifications on Hungarian society.

Mészáros also highlighted housing assistance as a cornerstone of Hungary’s family policy, singling out the role of subsidized loans for married couples. Interest exemptions after the first child, partial loan forgiveness after the second, and full debt cancellation following the third were all meant to alleviate financial strain and boost lasting family stability.

Using an “iceberg” metaphor, Helena Hlubocká, general secretary of Slovakia’s Christian Union party, said that falling fertility reflected only the visible tip of a much deeper social transformation unfolding over decades, including a rise in childless homes, greater relationship instability, and a growing tendency for couples to stop having children after their first. In the wake of these trends, Hlubocká warned that purely technical or policy-driven fixes will be insufficient solutions to tackle Europe’s fertility crisis, especially since many European societies are increasingly shaped by individualism, and where enduring family bonds are weakening, and childbearing is not as highly regarded as in the past. 

What's Happening Now:

Notably, the conference culminated with a resolution urging governments to prioritize family policy. Delegates called for coordinated efforts across taxation, housing, education, healthcare, employment, and regional development to enable young families to raise children away from poverty, instability, and systemic roadblocks to family formation.

The document also emphasized the need to reaffirm cultural and educational support for enduring family life. Reflecting principles premised on Catholic social teaching — especially solidarity and subsidiarity — the resolution described the family as the cornerstone of healthy societies.